圆满完成任务，四大焦点关注中国第40次南极考察

刘顺林称，在南极现场派驻了1名副领队负责总体协调和现场指挥、1名队长负责具体建设实施、1名专职工程管理人员负责工程管理，同时配有后勤保障人员保障现场日常生活与工程机械；项目设计单位派遣2名设计师提供考察站主体建筑施工的驻场设计配合工作；项目监理单位派遣2名专业监理工程师驻现场进行建设全过程监督工作；项目总承包单位派遣84名队员执行施工任务。

考察队主动克服极昼、狂风、大雪、强紫外线辐射等极端自然环境的挑战。历时52天，秦岭站于2024年2月7日建成并宣布开站。此外，同步安装相应楼层隐蔽部位排水管道、采暖管道、通风管道，并进行隐蔽验收检查。完成直升机停机坪建设，站区路基整修以及气象站安装等配套工作。

秦岭站是继长城站、中山站之后我国第三个南极常年考察站，同时也是我国在南极的第五个考察站。该站的建成将为评估南极生态环境和气候变化提供基础支撑，为了解罗斯海区域自然特征提供重要保障，为更好地“认识极地、保护极地、利用极地”发挥重要作用，为造福人类，推动构建人类命运共同体作出新的更大贡献。

中国第40次南极考察队三船于2023年11月1日从上海出发，历时161天，总航程8.1万余海里。新京报记者 张建林 摄

焦点2

首次布放国产生态潜标，多个自主研发设备在南极开展应用测试

中国第40次南极考察都取得了哪些亮点成果？中国第40次南极考察队领队张北辰告诉记者，本航次考察队顺利完成长城站、中山站、昆仑站、泰山站、秦岭站的站基度夏调查监测任务。

本次考察在南极宇航员海、阿蒙森海、南极半岛邻近海域、普里兹湾、罗斯海进行大洋调查及科学研究，通过开展营养级结构调查，为探究目标海域关键物种的基础食物源及其营养结构关系提供重要科学支撑。

“我们还首次在阿蒙森海布放国产生态潜标。逐步构建潜标阵列，通过长期锚系潜标观测手段，揭示南大洋海冰与环流等基础环境变化对全球大洋物质循环、海-气-冰相互作用格局的影响。”张北辰说。

国内自主研发的近红外望远镜、可移动太赫兹望远镜系统、南极无人值守智慧能源系统、“雪豹”2极地特种载具、无人智能载具等多种自主创新技术仪器装备也在南极现场开展了应用和测试，提高了认识极地、保护极地、利用极地的基础水平。

据了解，本次考察期间，通过船、站运行保障支撑合计完成38个高校、科研院所承担的国家“五大类”科研项目，数量较上一年度提升52%。研究内容涉及极地海洋、极地生物圈、极地土壤与岩石圈、极地冰冻圈、极地观测探测等。

少先队员向考察队员代表献花。新京报记者 张建林 摄

焦点3

钻穿545米厚冰层及冰岩夹层，获取宝贵的0.48米基岩样本

本次考察期间主要在科学合作、境外开放交流、国际救援等方面强化国际合作交流。

中国第40次南极考察队副领队谢健介绍，在国际南极科学前沿领域合作研究上，本次考察完成冰-海-基岩相互作用和冰下地质两个重大国际合作科考项目，成功钻穿了545米厚的冰层及冰岩夹层，获取了连续的冰芯样品，并且继续向下成功钻取了宝贵的0.48米基岩样本，为探究该区域南极冰盖接地带冰-海-基岩相互作用填补了关键数据空白，支持冰盖物质平衡的精确评估和不稳定性研究。

同时，考察队与挪威、澳大利亚等多国合作开展SCAR RINGS恩德比地调查任务。科学飞行长度约7200公里，时长约28小时，所得数据填补了东南极沿岸冰下地形关键数据空白区，科学意义重大。并与澳大利亚、美国、英国、智利、韩国等国开展了后勤保障国际合作。

“充分发挥我国极地考察平台对外交流窗口作用，长城站、中山站、秦岭站与澳大利亚、俄罗斯、比利时、日本、韩国、意大利等考察站开展全方位友好交流。”谢健说，他们在新西兰克赖斯特彻奇市举行了公众开放日活动，在南极考察、学术研究以及后勤物流保障等方面开展了富有成效的交流，增进与各国科学家的了解和交流，努力为人类和平利用南极做出新的贡献。

此外，航渡期间，考察队还发扬人道主义精神，按照国际海事法规果断采取相关救援措施，历经33个小时，成功将遇险船只和4名随船人员运送至巴布亚新几内亚邻近海域并移交给当地接应船只，受到国内外媒体广泛赞许。

焦点4

践行“绿色考察”理念，施工垃圾被集中运回国内处理

据张北辰介绍，极地考察过程中自觉践行“绿色考察”理念，严格遵守关于环境保护的南极条约议定书相关要求，集约化管理建筑材料，减少对南极现场的扰动，减少临时设施和现场施工人员数量和活动范围，达到绿色环保建站目的。

2月7日，位于罗斯海恩克斯堡岛的中国南极秦岭站正式开站。自然资源部供图

秦岭站的建材上主要采用钢结构、一体化墙板、实木等环保型建筑材料，具备易安装、易清理、对南极自然环境影响小的特性，同时考察站达到使用年限后可回收再利用。

秦岭站现场建造主要采用装配式建设方式，所有建筑设施均在国内完成加工定制，现场只需按要求安装包括钢结构、建筑模块及模块内装等，较传统建筑减少了大量现场加工量和湿作业，整体建筑具有高度集成化、质量可靠、施工迅速快等特点。张北辰表示，建设物资全部采用集装箱或钢框箱打包运输，大大减少了零散包装材料的使用和对现场环境的影响，施工过程中产生的如金属、木材、板材、塑料等垃圾均及时清理并分类储存到指定的集装箱内，施工任务结束后集中运回国内统一处理。

此外，秦岭站采用多能互补微网能源技术，可再生能源和传统能源相结合的能源系统，优先使用风能和太阳能等清洁能源。系统设置智能微网监控及能量管理平台，用于各种电源的启停控制和蓄电池的充放电控制，实现绿色能源环保运行。根据功能分区的使用特点，建筑内部越冬、度夏区域实行独立能源供应，度夏宿舍及海洋实验室在冬季仅维持值班温度，降低能源消耗，最大程度减少碳排放量，实现智能运维管理。

新京报记者 张建林

编辑 樊一婧 校对 刘军

新闻译文：

On April 10th, the 40th Chinese Antarctic Expedition successfully completed its mission, and all members of the expedition returned safely and smoothly to China. This expedition is an important one conducted on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of China's polar exploration.

At a press conference organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources on the same day, Guo Liwei, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Polar Expedition Office of the State Oceanic Administration, introduced that this expedition was implemented for the first time with the support of the three ships "Xuelong", "Xuelong 2", and "Tianhui". The inspection team departed from China on November 1, 2023, lasting over 5 months with a total voyage of over 81000 nautical miles. Despite tight deadlines, heavy tasks, and frequent adverse environments, they successfully completed various inspection tasks and achieved a number of important scientific research achievements.

On April 10th, the "Xuelong" polar exploration icebreaker docked in Qingdao, Shandong. Photo by Zhang Jianlin, a reporter from the New Beijing News

Focus 1

The construction of Qinling Station is the focus of this inspection, which took 52 days to complete and open

At the press conference, Liu Shunlin, Director of the China Polar Research Center (China Polar Research Institute), introduced that the construction of the main building of the Qinling Station is the focus of this inspection, mainly including the construction of the steel structure, functional modules, and external enclosure system of the main building. The total amount of construction materials is about 9500 tons. The organization of relevant personnel, mechanical configuration, ocean transportation, and on-site implementation are all carried out around the construction goals, and an overall implementation plan for the project is prepared in advance based on the special sea ice, climate, engineering machinery, and operation window period of the Antarctic site, to guide on-site work.

Liu Shunlin stated that a deputy leader was stationed at the Antarctic site responsible for overall coordination and on-site command, a team leader was responsible for specific construction implementation, and a full-time engineering management personnel was responsible for engineering management. At the same time, logistics support personnel were provided to support daily life and engineering machinery on site; The project design unit dispatched two designers to provide on-site design cooperation for the construction of the main building of the inspection station; The project supervision unit dispatches two professional supervision engineers to the site to supervise the entire construction process; The general contracting unit of the project dispatched 84 team members to carry out construction tasks.

The inspection team actively overcame the challenges of extreme natural environments such as polar day, strong winds, heavy snow, and strong ultraviolet radiation. After 52 days, Qinling Station was completed and announced to be open on February 7, 2024. In addition, synchronous installation of drainage pipes, heating pipes, and ventilation pipes in concealed areas of corresponding floors, and conducting concealed acceptance inspections. Complete supporting work such as helicopter apron construction, station roadbed renovation, and meteorological station installation.

Qinling Station is the third permanent Antarctic research station in China after the Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station, and also the fifth research station in Antarctica. The completion of this station will provide basic support for evaluating the ecological environment and climate change in Antarctica, provide important guarantees for understanding the natural characteristics of the Ross Sea region, play an important role in better understanding, protecting, and utilizing the polar regions, and make new and greater contributions to benefiting humanity and promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.

The third ship of China's 40th Antarctic Expedition departed from Shanghai on November 1, 2023, lasting 161 days with a total voyage of over 81000 nautical miles. Photo by Zhang Jianlin, a reporter from the New Beijing News

Focus 2

The first deployment of domestically produced ecological submersibles, with multiple independently developed equipment conducting application testing in Antarctica

What are the highlights and achievements of China's 40th Antarctic Expedition? Zhang Beichen, the leader of the 40th Chinese Antarctic Expedition, told reporters that this expedition successfully completed the survey and monitoring tasks of the Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station, Kunlun Station, Mount Taishan Station and Qinling Station during the summer.

This expedition conducted ocean surveys and scientific research in the Antarctic Astronaut Sea, Amundsen Sea, adjacent waters of the Antarctic Peninsula, Pritz Bay, and Ross Sea. Through conducting nutrient level structure surveys, it provides important scientific support for exploring the basic food sources and nutritional structure relationships of key species in the target waters.

"We have also deployed domestically produced ecological buoys in the Amundsen Sea for the first time. Gradually, we have constructed a buoy array and used long-term anchored buoy observation methods to reveal the impact of basic environmental changes such as sea ice and circulation in the Southern Ocean on the global ocean material cycle and the pattern of sea air ice interaction," said Zhang Beichen.

Domestic independently developed near-infrared telescopes, mobile terahertz telescope systems, unmanned intelligent energy systems in Antarctica, "Snow Leopard" 2 polar special vehicles, unmanned intelligent vehicles and other independent innovative technology instruments and equipment have also been applied and tested on site in Antarctica, improving the basic level of understanding, protecting, and utilizing the polar regions.

It is understood that during this inspection period, a total of 38 national "five major categories" scientific research projects undertaken by universities and research institutes were completed through ship and station operation support, an increase of 52% compared to the previous year. The research content involves polar oceans, polar biosphere, polar soil and lithosphere, polar cryosphere, polar observation and exploration, etc.

The Young Pioneers presented flowers to the representatives of the inspection team. Photo by Zhang Jianlin, a reporter from the New Beijing News

Focus 3

Drill through 545-meter-thick ice layers and ice rock interlayers to obtain valuable 0.48-meter-thick bedrock samples

During this inspection period, we will mainly strengthen international cooperation and exchange in areas such as scientific cooperation, overseas open exchanges, and international rescue.

Xie Jian, Deputy Leader of China's 40th Antarctic Expedition Team, introduced that in the forefront of international Antarctic science cooperation research, this expedition has completed two major international cooperation research projects: ice sea bedrock interaction and subglacial geology. It has successfully drilled through a 545-meter-thick ice layer and ice rock interlayers, obtained continuous ice core samples, and continued to successfully drill down valuable 0.48-meter-thick bedrock samples. This has filled a key data gap for exploring the ice sea bedrock interaction in the Antarctic ice cover junction zone in the region, supporting precise assessment of ice cover material balance and instability research.

At the same time, the inspection team collaborated with multiple countries such as Norway and Australia to carry out the SCAR RINGS Enderby survey mission. The scientific flight has a length of about 7200 kilometers and a duration of about 28 hours. The data obtained fills the gap in key data on the subaqueous terrain along the southeastern polar coast, which is of great scientific significance. We have also established international cooperation in logistics support with countries such as Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Chile, and South Korea.

"Give full play to the role of China's polar exploration platform as a window for external exchanges. The Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station, Qinling Station, and other exploration stations in Australia, Russia, Belgium, Japan, South Korea, Italy and other countries have carried out all-round friendly exchanges." Xie Jian said that they held a public open day activity in Christchurch, New Zealand, and conducted fruitful exchanges in Antarctic exploration, academic research, and logistics support, enhancing understanding and exchange with scientists from various countries, and striving to make new contributions to the peaceful use of Antarctica by humanity.

In addition, during the voyage, the inspection team also carried forward the spirit of humanitarianism and decisively took relevant rescue measures in accordance with international maritime regulations. After 33 hours, they successfully transported the distressed ship and four accompanying personnel to the adjacent waters of Papua New Guinea and handed them over to local receiving vessels, which was widely praised by domestic and foreign media.

Focus 4

Implementing the concept of "green inspection", construction waste is centrally transported back to China for treatment

According to Zhang Beichen, during the polar exploration process, we consciously practice the concept of "green exploration", strictly abide by the relevant requirements of the Antarctic Treaty Protocol on environmental protection, intensively manage building materials, reduce disturbance to the Antarctic site, reduce the number and scope of temporary facilities and on-site construction personnel, and achieve the goal of green environmental protection station construction.

On February 7th, the Qinling Station in Antarctica, China, located on the island of Enkesburg in the Ross Sea, officially opened. Provided by the Ministry of Natural Resources

The building materials of Qinling Station mainly use environmentally friendly building materials such as steel structures, integrated wall panels, and solid wood, which have the characteristics of easy installation, easy cleaning, and minimal impact on the natural environment of Antarctica. At the same time, the station can be recycled and reused after reaching its service life.

The on-site construction of Qinling Station mainly adopts the prefabricated construction method, and all building facilities are processed and customized in China. The on-site installation only needs to be carried out according to requirements, including steel structures, building modules, and module interiors, which reduces a lot of on-site processing and wet operations compared to traditional buildings. The overall building has the characteristics of high integration, reliable quality, and fast construction. Zhang Beichen stated that all construction materials are packaged and transported in containers or steel frame boxes, greatly reducing the use of scattered packaging materials and their impact on the site environment. Garbage generated during the construction process, such as metal, wood, board, plastic, etc., are promptly cleaned and classified and stored in designated containers. After the construction task is completed, they are transported back to China for unified processing.

In addition, the Qinling Station adopts multi energy complementary microgrid energy technology, an energy system that combines renewable energy and traditional energy, and prioritizes the use of clean energy such as wind and solar energy. The system is equipped with an intelligent microgrid monitoring and energy management platform, which is used for starting and stopping control of various power sources and charging and discharging control of batteries, achieving green energy and environmental protection operation. According to the usage characteristics of functional zoning, independent energy supply is implemented in the overwintering and summer areas inside the building. The summer dormitories and marine laboratories only maintain duty temperature during winter to reduce energy consumption, minimize carbon emissions, and achieve intelligent operation and maintenance management.

New Beijing News reporter Zhang Jianlin

Editor Fan Yijing Proofread Liu Jun

• 圆满完成 Successful Completion ; crowning ; pull it off ; round off
• 自然资源 natural resources ; natural wealth
• 新闻发布会 press conference ; news conference
• 国家海洋局 State Oceanic Administration ; State Oceanography Bureau
• 党委书记 secretary of the Party Committee
• 航程 voyage ; range ; flight ; sail ; passage ; flying range ; air-range ; distance by air or sea
• 时间紧 be pressed for time
• 恶劣环境 Harsh environment ; hostile environment ; RUGGED
• 情况下 case ; Circumstances ; Situation
• 科研成果 Scientific research achievements ; achievements of scientific research ; scientific payoffs

句子成分分析：

[On February 7th], the Qinling Station (in Antarctica, <China>), <located [on the island (of Enkesburg)] [in the Ross Sea]>, officially opened.

句子语法结构详解：

* China 为同位语

* located 为过去分词。

* opened 为谓语，采用一般过去时。

* the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

the Ross Sea [地名] 罗斯海

Vocabulary:

Antarctica [ænt'ɑ:ktikә] n. [地名] 南极洲

locate ['lәukeit] vt. 1) 找出……的准确位置，确定……的准确位置 2) 安置(于某处）, 建造（在某处), 座落(在...)

island ['ailәnd] n. 1) 岛，群岛 2) 安全岛（供行人避让车辆）

officially [ә'fiʃәli] ad. 1) 正式地，官方地，公开地 2) 依据法律等

open ['әupәn] vi. 1) 开,开着 2) （花） 开

句子成分分析：

The research content involves polar oceans, polar biosphere, polar soil and lithosphere, polar cryosphere, polar observation and exploration, etc.

句子语法结构详解：

* involves 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。

* the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Vocabulary:

research [ri'sә:tʃ] n. 研究，调查，探索

content ['kɔntent] n. 1) （书、讲话、节目等的）主要内容；主题 2) 含量 3) (contents) 所容纳之物，所含之物

involve [in'vɔlv] vt. 1) （使）参加，加入 2) 包含，需要，使成为必然部分（或结果）

polar ['pәulә] a. 1) 极地的，近地级的，南极（或北极）的 2) 磁极的

ocean ['әuʃәn] n. 1) （通常作 the ocean）大海，海洋 2) （通常作 Ocean）（五大洋之一的）洋

biosphere ['baiәsfiә] n. 生物圈

soil [sɔil] n. 1) 土壤 2) 国土，领土

and [ænd] conj. 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着

lithosphere ['liθәu,sfiә] n. 岩石圈；岩石层

observation [,ɔbzә:'veiʃәn] n. 1) 观察，观测，监视 2) （尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的）评论

exploration [,eksplә'reiʃәn] n. 勘察，探测，测定，探究